Psychology of lying Essay

In shape for an individual to nonice that a mortal is obese a catch unitnesss breath, the individual contracts to understand the psychological science of evasiveness to cut the earth back the come.In fact, having remainder withledge on the psychology of un im fibreiality send packing help you become to a greater extent observant to the varied crosss of be, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in value to avoid organism put in a thought of dubiety or under emotional stress when you atomic number 18 confronted with it.The psychology of be whoremaster be a complicated concept because mountain guile for a antithetic reasons, While umpteen commonwealth hypocrisy in an attempt to avoid punishment or to avoid in salutaryiceing psyche elses come upings, just about some others rest come in of impulse or because they loss to exemplify themselves as some bingle they atomic number 18 non.Lies atomic number 18 common. hat ful studying the psychology of be pull up stakes soon fall upon that theorise duplicitys does non mechanic tot wholeyy indicate any type of mental disorder. Even if thither is an causa w here(predicate) a somebody impinge ons a duplicity with go forth origin considering the reasoning behind it or the consequences imparting from the reside this is non considered a symptom of psychopathology. It would al wizard be considered a symptom if the person does this a great deal and it has negative effects on his or her manners. manufacture is non simple as tattle the law versus falsifying it. It is deeper than that, it is non forever active distortion or nor divine revelation of facts, it clearthorn well be active creating a whole tender set of truths that only the prevaricator knows of.It appears some deceit for no reason at all(prenominal) enchantment galore(postnominal) populate with great reasoning, some remain for a cause, and many build a cause to ca tch ones breath. It is not eer close the flip side of truth, sometimes, a imposition stands on its proclaim two feet 1upon deep explanation, you allow for bewilder that fraud is a labyrinthian act, a complicated aspects of unmatcheds personality. 2it is to a greater extent than than a habit, al around a natural clement trait.You corporation run from the truthYou give the bounce cross from the truthYou great deal deny the truth merely, you usher come forthnot destroy the truthsometimes knowing the truth whitethorn yen yet so off much, yet sedate, in the longer run, a lie causes more damage than truth.Chapter Two go over THE LITERATURESelf-esteem is one of the biggest culprits in our evasiveness ways. We find that as soon as great deal feel that their egotism-esteem is threaten, they immediately arrest to lie at higher levels. many another(prenominal) lies be merely for the take of maintaining social contacts by avoiding insults or discords. Small lies that avoid conflict be probably the well-nigh common sort of lie and avoiding conflict is a top motivator for deception. The farawayther ones true self is from their ideal self, the more deally they be to lie to boost themselves up, in others shopping mall or their eyes or perhaps how they recognize others to perceive them. That is hard train of thought to espouse, only when fraud is a complex phenomenon.Robert Feldman (psychologist)A persons first instinct is to serve his or her ingest self-interest. People ar more uniformly to lie when they goat justify such lies to themselves. When under time pressure, having to deal decision that could topic financial reword would consecrate quite a little more correspondingly to lie and when population atomic number 18 not under time pressure, they ar marvelous to lie at that place is no opportunity to rationalize their behavior. Shaul Shalvi (psychological scientists, university of Amsterdam) & Ori Eldar and Yoella Bere by-Meyer (university of the Negev Investigated)TITLE what factors influence mis bunking behaviorTo lie is to state something that one knows to be faux or that one has notreasonably as authoritativeed to be true with the intention that it be taken for the truth by oneself or someone else, then a lie is a lie big or fine except since lie usually has consequences, commonwealth always want to differentiate amongst some of them. What the mint (or court system) are rattling set ab asideing to do is to weigh the effects of a lie by a prevaricator on its victims the conceptions and outcomes of lie crumb be many but when a person finally make a pick to speak, write or present something wittingly to be false, that single piece in that location is a lie unless(prenominal) the prevaricator is insane or incapable to understand what she or he is doing. Stephanie Ericcson TITLE The way we lieTrustworthiness is a highly esteemed commodity, when one has it, one is considered valua ble. When one has lost it, one whitethorn be considered worthless. A lie is a false statement to a person or group made by another(prenominal) person who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally. Lying is when a person doesnt secure the truth. in that location are many reasons a person may tell a lie. unremarkably people lie to get themselves out of trouble. or so people really stick a disorder that makes them lie without realizing they are doing so. it is one of the about common wrong acts that we carry out.Its an avoidable part of human nature so its worth spending time entailing approximately it. near of people would say that fictionalization is always wrong, except when thithers a wide-cut reason for itwhich remembers that its not always wrong. Lying is giving some in bodyation while rely it to be untrue, intending to deceive by doing so.People concur reasons for not coitus the truth. Whether its to not smart someones feelings, or to not let a parent find something out, or to eve make spirits harsh reality more bearable. There are dozens of reasons that someone out there thinks is a reason to not tell the truth. Even as I write this, I nonetheless wonder. Are the people that justify their reasons for not impressive the truth actually cause to be perceiveding themselves?The oddest thing go acrosss if you are constantly not state the truth. somewhere in there, you ledet to forget what truth is. If someone is constantly equivocation to eitherone around them, how in the world dismiss they go on telling the truth to themselves. Usually people hold outt even so know that they are doing it. subsequently awhile, thealter reality takes over and you wont be able to tell the difference between a lie and the truth. So, in essence, you could say that one of the realities of not telling the truth is that you lag yourself, literally, but you may not even notice it.You would think that this phenomena would be something that would tak e a lot of big choiceslarge decisions to arrive at a point where you didnt recognize the truth. Actually, its the opposite. It takes just one tiny step at a time to lose yourself somewhere in non-truths. unknow( What Kinds of Reasons Are There for Not recounting the Truth?Is it okay Not to show the Truth? )Chapter ThreeRESEARCH PROBLEMTo baffle the causes of telling a lie, the consequences it takes, the types of lies they told, and the different kinds of liars that there is.Chapter fourDesign the pick outa) Research designIn order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of deceitfulness to know the reason behind the act.In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of cunning rotter help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it.Eve rybody lies, it may only be white lies but everyone tell lies or omits the truths sometimes we start lying at around age of four (4) or five () when children gain an awareness of the use and power of language. This firstlying is not malicious but kinda to find out or test what basis manipulated in a childs environment. in conclusion children begin to use lying to get out of trouble or get something they want. The person who bes to feel compelled to lie closely twain small and large stuff has a problem. We ofttimestimes scream these folks morbid liars they lie to protect themselves, aspect life-threatening financially or socially to avoid punishment. Quite often the person who has been deceived knows that this type of liars has a certain extent deluded him or herself and is therefore to be someone pitied.A untold more troubling group is those who lie a lot and knowingly for personal gain. These people may have a diagnosis called anti social personality disorder, also known as being a sociopath and often get into scrapes with the law.Lying often get worse with the passage of time when you get away with a lie it often impels you to continue your deceptions. Also liars often find themselves perpetrating more untruths to cover themselves. We fall in different people to different standards when it comes to telling the truth we expect. For example, less reality from politician than from scientists, we have a vision of purity to the highest degree those who are doing research, while we imagine that politicians provide at least shade the truth nigh themselves in order to get elected.There are many reasons why does a person tell a lie, but here are the major causes of why people choose to tell a lie 1Fear, One of the reasons why a person tells a lie is because of the fear of possible consequences involved when telling the truth. This psychology of lying is quite an prevalent in younger generations when they are hiding something sensitive from their fr iends and family members opting to tell a lie rather than being punished for telling the truth.It is a sign of escape of possible punishment that comes with the act of telling the truth. 2Self-Image, improve their own image in the eyes of their friends and families is one of the reasons why people tell a lie. In order to uplift their social on par with others, a person would often create stories, usually on the spot, to make sure that the other fellowship is kicked out of the limelight. Thispsychology of lying is just a temporary rise on the social ladder, and en charge often be re mail serviced with embarrassment when the truth comes out. 3Harming Others, Another purpose is to blow other people, indirectly, by telling a lie close them. In fact, this is often seen felt by prominent individuals in the clubhouse.In order to lower the status or vexationer of this individual, a person volition often create a lie that impart put others into a state of doubt regarding their own beliefs and truths. To summarize, people may lie receivable to the fear of the consequences when they tell the truth, to boost their self-image inappropriately, or to deliberately scathe others. victimisation the psychology of lying, youll be able to wait circumstances when people are not telling the truth.Lies big businessman have been part of human life since language appeared. Although they are something people frown upon, they are not all vicious. According to the purpose to tell lies, they can be divided into leash types the types of lies people tell, Beneficial Lies. Usually means to help. They are told out of kindness and people benefit from them. They help avoid hurt, sadness, insult, and impersonality. For example, a nestling lie to the Nazi Army that no Jews were hiding in his place parents lie to the children that their be approved grandpa is living happily in the heaven. These do cheat the listeners, but the liars ought to be p raise instead of being criticized. S piteful Lies. stiff to gain benefit and hurt people.They may come in the form of deceit or rumors. For example, lawyers lie on the court to help his abominable client to win the lawsuit sellers lie to their customers to talk them into buying the faker and shoddy products. These liars just benefit from the lies and get reputation, profit or toleration. In comparison, rumors are more vicious. Liars make them to revenge or to pull their rivalries down. These happen a lot in politics, business, and entertainment world.A politician and his party make rumors that the rivalry involved in sexual scandals or corruptions an enterprise tell the media that their competitors use forbidden additive to their products a famous star expose to public that another star has a bastard raised somewhere. These lies are mean and should be condemned. Neutral Lies. Are meant nonentity and overmuch more simpler.When asked rough private things, people may avoid tell the truth by telling a lie. This doe s no harm to both sides and is a protection toprivacy. White Lies. Is often called the least serious of all lies. People tell white lies claiming to be considerate or polite. It can create distance between you and others, and destroys your credibility.If there are lies are not mean to harm others, there are also lies that mean to hurt others and these are 1Fabrication. Is telling others something you dont know for sure is true. It is passing hurtful because they lead rumors that can damage someone elses reputation. paste rumors not only a lie but is also steal anothers reputation. 2Bold-faced Lie. Telling something that everyone knows its a lie. Simple and sometimes cute for a little child to tell a bold-faced lie about not eating any cookies, even though theres chocolate all over his face. As we get older, we evidence to be more clever with our cover-ups, some people never start out up and deal with their bold-faced lying even though others know what theyre saying is complete ly false.When people hear a bold-faced lie they are resentful that the liar would be so belittling of their time and intelligence. 3Exaggeration. Is enhancing a truth by adding lies to it. The person who exaggerates usually mixes truths and untruths to make themselves direct striking to others, an exaggerator can weave truth and lies together make confusion even to the liar. After a while, the exaggerator begins to see his or her exaggeration. 4Deception.Tries to create an impression that causes others to be misled by not telling all the facts or creating a false impression. It is a dangerous one because the liar intends to harm or hurt the victim for their own benefit. 6Plagiarism. Is both lying and thieving. It consists of copying someone else usage and calling it your own. It is a very serious act, some college and graduate students have even been kicked out of school because of it.Lying is bad because it treats those who are lie to as a means to achieve the liars purpose, rather than as a valuable end in themselves. Many people think that it is wrong to treat people as means not ends. it makes it difficult for the person being lied to make a impeccant and aware decision about the matter concerned. Lies lead people to bagful their decisions on false information. it cannot sensibly be made into a linguistic universal proposition principle. Many people think that something should only be accepted as an ethical ruleif it can be applied in every case, its a basic moral wrong. Some things are basically badlying is one of them. its something that good people dont do.Good behavior displays the virtues found in good people. it corrupts the liar. Telling lies may become a habit and if a person regularly indulges in one form of wrong-doing they may well become more comfortable with wrong-doing in general. Some religious people argue lying is bad because it misuses the God-given gift of human communications. God gave humanity speech so that they could ac curately share theyre thoughtlying does the opposite. To make it short, lying is bad because language is essential to human societies and carries the obligation to use it truthfully.Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to, the following are the example of different liars that we encounter in our occasional lifeThe Occasional Liar. These people seldom lie. scarcely when they do they are blown away by their actions and feel guilty for what they have done. These types of people are the ones who are quick to seek forgiveness from the person their lied to. The occasional liar is not perfect but is usually esteem for his/her strong attempt at being a truthful person and humble enough to admit their mistakes. Frequent Liars. The frequent liar goes about his/her life lying every which way. This person is not concerned about covering his tracts, or making sure his lie make sense. Everybody knows this person is lying beca use he is sloppy with his lies.This person has very few friends, because people get sick of his obviously twisted stories. The Smooth Liars. The flat liar is just what their description sound likethis person has become very smooth and skilled at telling lies. There are those that say they can pick out a liar every time, but thats not necessarily so when it comes to the smooth liars. This liars is so good with words and body language people tend to believe him even when they know he has a reputation of being a liar. Yet, all the time, the smooth liar knows hes lying.These people are summercater to be around, and very entertaining, but later being found out, the smooth liar tends to move on to others to whom he can apply his unconsolable talents. The Compulsive Liar. This person lies when they dont have to, even if telling the truth makes more sense than the lies they tell. Thesepeople have an addiction to lying, and they simply cannot stop. They are out of control. They spend hou rs studying situations to come up with more lies that will allow them to maintain all their previous lies. These people are totally untrustworthy and end up unable to keep friends.A compulsive liars ends up lonely, sad person who tragically lies the most to their own self. The Pathological Liar. A pathological liars is a liars who believes the lies he/she is telling, he/she manages to coax him/herself they are true, in comparison to a compulsive liar who will lie for any reason, and knows they are lies but apparently cant stop him/herself from dong so.There is no proof way to detect weather we are being misled or not but there are often clues you can see in behavior that should make you suspicious.Avoidance of Eye Contact. Usually someone makes eye contact at least half the time they are talking to you. If you notice them avoiding eye contact or looking down during a specific part of a conversation, they may well be lying. Change of Voice. A disagreement in pitch of voice or rate of speech can be a sign of lying so can lots of ummms and ahhhs Body Language. Turning your body away, covering your face or mouth, a lot of fidgeting of hands or legs can indicate deception. Contradicting Yourself. Making statements that just dont hold together should make you suspicious.Lies obviously hurt the person who is lied to (most of the time), but they can also hurt the liar, and orderliness in general. The person who is lied to suffers if they dont find out because (a) They are deprived of some control over their future because they can no longer make an informed choice about the prune concerned, (b) They are not fully informed about their possible courses of action, (c) They may make a decision that they would not otherwise have made, (d)They may suffer reparation as a result of lie, (e) They doubt their own ability to assess truth and make decisions, (f) They feel badly tempereddeceived and manipulated, and regarded as a person who doesnt deserve the truth, (g) They become mistrustful and uncertain and this too damages their ability to make free and informed choices and last and more worst, (h) They may seek revenge.The liar is also hurt because (a) He has to remember the lies hes told, (b) He must act in conformity with the lies, (c) He may have to tell more lies to avoid being found out, (d) He has to be wary of those hes lied to, (e) His long-term credibility is at risk, (f) He will probably suffer harm if hes found out, if hes found out, people are more likely to lie to him, hes less likely to believed in future, (g) His own gull of ace is damaged, (h) He may find it easier to lie again or to do other wrong. Those who tell good lies dont loosely suffer these consequencesalthough they may do so on some occasions. hostelry can also be hurt because (a) The general level of frankness fallsother people may be promote to lie, (b) Lying may become a generally accepted practice in some quarters, (c) It becomes harder for people to trust each ot her or the creative activity of society, (d) friendly cohesion is weakened, (e)Eventually no one is able to believe anyone else and society collapses.In some culture, lying is part of everyday life for most people (like in japan) and people are employ to it and dont expect to be told the truth (esp. about opinions and feelings) all the time. In other cultures (e.g. France), even a white lie is objectionable, as the truth is more important than flattering or avoiding shocking people.Some lies lead to someones death, the best example of this was the movie about I know what you did last summer it is the story of four friends who are being attacked by a killer, one year after(prenominal) covering up a car accidents in which they were involved. around of the people choose to believe in lies because believing in lies make less thinking and sheep hate to think. They like others to think for them and lie is sweet and truth is bitter. Sometimes the truth draw and some people cant handle it so they choose to believe the lies that been told to them.Lying takes many forms, whether it is mere exaggeration or blatant untruths.It is the asperity of the lies, the frequency of the lies and the reasoning behind the lies that points to a psychological problem.The capacity to lie is noted early and nearly universally in human development. Social psychology and developmental psychology are concerned with the theory of mind, which people employ to simulate anothers reaction to their story and read if a lie will be believable. The most commonly cited milestone, what is known as Machiavellian intelligence, is at the age of about four and a half years, when children begin to be able to lie convincingly. Before this, they reckon simply unable to comprehend why others dont see the same view of events that they do and seem to assume that there is only one point of view, which is their own.Those with Parkinsons disease show difficulties in deceiving others, difficulties that at tach to prefrontal hypometabolism. This suggests a link between the capacity for dis transparenty and integrity of prefrontal functioning. Pseudologia fantastica is a term applied by psychiatrists to the behaviour of usual or compulsive lying. Mythomania is the condition where there is an excessive or irregular propensity for lying and exaggerating.Young children learn from experience that stating an untruth can avoid punishment for misdeeds, before they develop the theory of mind essential to understand why it works. In this stage of development, children will sometimes tell outrageous and unbelievable lies, because they lack the conceptual framework to judge whether a statement is believable, or even to understand the concept of believability When children first learn how lying works, they lack the moral understanding of when to refrain from doing it. It takes years of watching people tell lies, and the results of these lies, to develop a proper understanding. longing to lie var ies greatly between children, some doing so habitually and others being habitually honest. Habits in this regard are likely to change in early adulthood. Lying takes longer than telling the truth. Or, It does not require many words to speak the truth. Researchers find that college students lie to their mothers in one out of two conversations. Were not talking little white lies, here. We are talking about actually misleading someone, deliberately conveying a false impression.If your niece is very young and she lies, it may be a sign that she needs more attention from her parents or caregivers. Kids may resort tolying when a sunrise(prenominal) sibling is born or when parents seem flurry by their own problems. It could also be a signal that something is red ink on in school that needs remedying. Its wise for a parent to ask a child whats going on. It could be as simple a conversation as Tell me about some things that happen in your day that you like, followed by, Now tell me about things that happen to you that you dont like. Thats generally a good way for adults to get helpful information without making the child feel ashamed about her lying.If your niece is older and concocts fabulous stories, perhaps her work and other aspects of her life need to be more challenging. It may be that she feels too constrained by rules and regulations or a situation that deprives her of stimulation and experience. Most people who lie are not all told comfortable doing so. The conversations in which they lied were not as pleasant or intimate as truthful encounters. But the mental distress felt from being fastenacious doesnt last longb) Operationalized the VariablesLying & Deceptionno, no, what I mean isthe art of mendacityLying. Tell a lie? Nah, youd never do thatwould you? Recent research on lying is showing that up to 60% of people lie, males doing so more than females by two to three times. People lie an average of 25 times a day, mostly to prorogue trouble, make thems elves look good, or to avoid discomfort to others. By about age 2.5-3 about 70% of children are capable of lying, and some can do it well. At age four, they will peek when told not to do so. Young children will lie about actions, but not about how they feel. By age 10 they are more sophisticated because they can pretend.As they get older, cheating becomes more common. In a self-test investigate in which they were asked to take a test but not look at the answers on the back of the page, 40% routinely cheated (60% if there was a reward for performance). 100% of those who cheated lied about doing so. In experiments at the University of Massachusetts, students were encouraged to introduced themselves to others. Over 60% lied about themselves (3 times every 10 minutes), made up fictitious information to make themselves look better, yet there was nobenefit to the lie.Regarding detection of lying FBI agents and settle actually no better than others at detecting a lie. Robert Feldman at t he University of Massachusetts reports that most people arent aware of how often they sham the truth. His research shows that people shade the truth 1-6 times per hour in interactions. Gender differences show that women more often lie to protect others, while men lie to promote themselves (The truth about lying, 2001).c) Set up observationd) Write questionnaireWhat is lying?Why lying is wrong?What are the difference between a compulsive liar and pathological liar? What is hypometabolism, Pseudologia fantastica, and Mythomania? Why does people usually lie?Is plagiarism can be considered a minor lies?Why do most of the time people believed in a lie, Even they know that it is a lie? What should a parent do to encourage his/her children to tell the truth instead of lying? Is lying can be considered as a crime or an offence?What are the effects or consequences of telling a lie? And how to tell truth despite the consequences?Chapter FiveThe truth about lying(understanding the psychology of lying)Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to.If you lie all the time even about unimportant things you are likely to have a problem that will eventually cause you real relationship, financial orlegal troubles. count on out what is driving you to lie in the first place will help you heal this self-destructive behavior. This may mean going into discussion with a therapist to discover why you feel the need to deceive.Most of the people choose to believed in a lie because some lies are hard to take and just like what they say what you dont know wont hurt you, some cannot handle the truth so they choose to believe what others say even though they know it themselves that it is not true.We hate liar or dislike liar because its a matter of trust, when person lies they have broken a bond silent agreement to treat other as we would like to be tough serious deception often makes it impossible for us to trust another per son again.Because the issue of truth is on the line, coming full-strength about the lies as soon as possible is the best way to mend fences. If the truth only comes out once it is forced, repair of trust is far less likely. For example, as a parent, the most important message you can send your children about lying is that you always want them to come clean with you no matter how big a whopper they have told, incite them that you would always rather hear the truth, no matter how bad it is than be deceive.There are many kinds of lies. Lying in court after taking an oath is called perjury and is usually treated as a crime or offence. At the other extremity, there are white lies, which give good feelings to another person (e.g. telling your friend that you like their new jacket, when in fact you hate it)Logically, white lies can be good because they avoid creating unnecessary trouble and make people happy. But on the other hand, when people find out about a lie (even a white lie), the y may be even more hurt than if they were told the truth at first in a tactful way.Lies that create a serious trouble and can even lead to some peoples death or serious injuries, damages or lead to paranoia or depression. Imagine someone who is in love and the loved person tell him/her that they also love her/him, but after some time, when the first person is already deeply committed emotionally, they find out that their loved one really doesnt care at all about them and he/she commit suicide. Or what a person selling his/her car and telling the buyer that everything is fine, when in fact he knows that the breaks are dysfunctional, and the buyer dies in an accident because of that?What about someone lying to their partner about their faithfulness and transmitting them a fatal STD by abusing their trust these lies are simple and pretty common examples of lies that can have tragic consequences.That is why lying can be considered as crime, even a white lie (like the first and last exam ple in the above paragraph). What differentiate of crime from an offense, is that a crime harms people or create physical or psychological damages. An offense (like speeding, drunk, driving, etc.) means not respecting a law or rule, without causing any harm or damage to anybody else (if a person drives under the influence of alcohol and commits an accident, it becomes a crime)The problem with lies (esp. white lies) is that the harm is not direct and does not always happen afterwards (e.g. if the person doesnt find out and zippo bad happens). But as it depends somewhat on the motivation of disaster of the person who is lied to, to find out the truth, lying is always a potential crime (people can always find out if they try or just by chance). That is why any lies can considered as a crime, even if the harm has not yet been done, because it can still happen in the future. Of course, lying about how much you like your friends new clothes is a benign crime.Lying is very much like stea ling in that it can be graded, from benign to extremely serious, stealing a blank sheet of paper from your company is not even punishable but stealing a Leonardo da Vinci in a Museum is quite another matter. Lying is the same, a small lie with little consequence is apardonable crime, but its still a crime, like stealing.Lying causes anxiety, depression and physical illness. You constantly nettle your lies will be revealed. Keeping your stories straight requires a lot of work. After you lie to someone, you may not like being around that person. Lies fail friendship, work relationship and marriages. If someone catches you lying, he or she wont well believes you again. Your status in that persons eyes drops to zero.You lie because you are terrified of what king happen, if you tell the truth. You afraid you cant handle the consequences, but then the lies become a problem and you suffer worse consequences. So instead of worrying about the consequences as your first priority. Tell th e truth as your first priority and then deal with the consequences.There are some benefits that a person can get from telling a truth, (a) Because you tell the truth, you dont have to remember what you say to whom. You wont accidentally contradict yourself, (b) You earn the reputation as an honest person, if you are a manager, your staff members tell each other, our boss might be more honest about your work than you sometimes want to hear, but its better to know the truth , (c) People follow your example and are more truthful to you, (d) Your stress level drops.You sleep better, eat better and look better, (e) You can look at yourself in the mirror. Lying causes self-criticism and depression. Honesty causes self-confidence and pride, (f) Youre more persuasive, To be persuasive, you need to be believable. To be believable, you must be truthful, (g) Most of all, you are trustworthy. When people can trust you, you earn their harbour. You need peoples support to reach your goals.In ge neral, lying is not considered a good habit. But it is always depends on the situation and purpose of lying. If it is meant for achieving some superior objectives with some universal interest like universal peace or universal happiness, one can lie, But it is not suggested for anyone to tell a lie.A lie has three essential featuresA lie communicates some information. The liar intends to deceive or mislead. The liar believes that what they are saying is not true. A lie doesnt have to give false information.A lie doesnt have to be told with a bad(malicious) intentions.Lying is bad because a generally truthful word is a good thing. Lying diminishes trust between human beings if people generally didnt tell the truth, life would become very difficult, as nobody could be trusted and nothing you heard or read could be trustedyou would have to find everything out for yourself. An untrusting world is also bad for liarslying isnt much use if everyone is doing it.Types of LiarsA Natural Liars is someone who does have a conscience but is confident of their ability to deceive, and has been doing so since childhood. Often they in condition(p) to lie to their parents to avoid terrible punishments that would be handed out if they told the truth. Many natural liars capitalize on this ability as adults by comely trial lawyers, salespeople, negotiators, actors, politicians and spies.An Unnatural Liar is a person who, as a child was convinced by his parents it was impossible for him to lie and that the parent and others would always detect it, These poor saps go through life telling everyone, insisting I can never tell a lie and causing anger and trouble among everyone they meet.Chapter SixAnalyze the DataLying is a skill that requires intelligence, intuition, emotional intelligence, quick-wittedness, and knowledge of what makes a lie generally believable or generally not believable. You cant tell a lie if you start out looking untrustworthy. When youre deceiving people you ca re about in away that would harm them, lying can be fatal. Lying has its share of problems, especially in the compulsive or pathological sense, but people also couldnt exist entirely without it.Bad thing about lying is that it can affect your psychological well being if you lie most of the time. It can create a conflict between your super-ego (conscience) and ego (the reality principle). It creates tension, which makes you feel unpleasant. And in the end, you might have disorders or behavior problem due to constant lying, and lying will not solve any problemLying is often a useful skill to have in the short-term. The problem is when youre revealed to have a reputation for lying, and thus everyone will be less willing to help you with anything. Most of the time, people will believe anything, as long as its a logical, at least in their minds. But if you lie to absolutely everyone, someones going to call you on it, and everyone else youve ever spoken to is going to know about it. It ca n be disastrous for your reputation, including occupationally.Over a long-term, it is not so useful, and can get you in trouble in all areas of life. It should be used only when appropriate as in, when you can get away with it without needing to think too hard about the lie itself. In situations where you have to stand your lie, it becomes more difficult, as well as risky.Lies doesnt only hurt the one whos been lied to but also the society and the liar itself.Lie have a different reasons, its either to hide something or are afraid to the consequences it would create. There are lies that comes even if it didnt mean to. But there are also others who would lie to hurt others, these kinds of lying is not good to exercise and may consider as a crime. Avoidance of the eye contact can be considered as one of the proof that a person is lying.People who have psychological problems that result in perpetual lying can seek treatment with a competent behavior professional. Treatment may includ ecounseling, behavior adjustment or contracts between the patient and therapist that include negative consequences for lying and positive reinforcements when the patient consistently tells the truth. If you have trouble with a exigency to lie despite efforts to stop, consider seeking out professional economic aid from a specialist who has experience in helping people who cannot seem to stop lying. Lying is well researched in the field of psychology, and for this reason there is hope for people who have a problem with compulsively telling a lies for whatever reasonsChapter SevenConclusionThere are different reason why we lie, its either we didnt have a choice because of the situation or because we cant face the consequences if we tell the truth. For example, if a person was saw the crime background and he/shes the only realize and the investigation found out that he/she was on the crime scene and they would interrogate him/her that person would choose to lie to be able to susta in her life and he/she was afraid that if he/she would tell the truth the criminals would give chase him/her and eventually kill her/him.Sometimes we lie not because we are afraid at the consequences we would face if we tell the truth, sometime we didnt lie for others, most of the time we lie to ourselves, we choose to tell a lie to others so they would not pity to us, sometimes we tell to them that we are happy even if we dont really, sometimes we tell to them that we are ok and we will be ok even though we knew to ourselves that were not.We choose to lie to them because we love them, we dont want them to worry for us anymore, telling a lie doesnt always means we want to harm others, its not simple to tell a lie because youre not only making that person believe you but you want to believe yourself that it is ok, sometimes lying is our only way to scape those scenario that we cant handle, it is our self-defense for us not to be hurt from those person who hurt us badly.Even there a re different reason why we lie it is still consider as a sin andshould not be exercise, we should always tell the truth and face the consequences it would take.