Friday, December 27, 2019

WTO and GATT REGULATION - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1109 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? WTO REGULATION GATT was established in 1947 with 23 members, there were eight negotiation rounds between all these countries. The first 6 rounds were about reducing the tariff rates. The 7th Tokyo Round Agreement on following Article VII of the GATT was signed in 1979. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "WTO and GATT REGULATION" essay for you Create order There were several topics discussed and got successful results. The results of agreement reached to bring the average tariff on industrial products reduced to 4.7%; to reduce tariff when it was over eight years; to get the non-tariff barriers obstacles. WTO is an international organization who has 160 members, led by a director general with 640 staff committed to deal with the rules of trade between countries. WTO covers trade in services and trade-related intellectual property rights than GATT rules applied to only merchandise goods. WTO commitments are fully and functionally permanent instead of GATTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s provisional basis. Finally, GATT was replaced by WTO following Article VII in 1993 in according to the Uruguay Round. The Principles of WTO agreement were intended to provide a fair, uniform and neutral (FUN) system for the valuation of goods for customs purpose. This Agreement essentially applied that the value for duty should be based on the actually price actua lly paid or payable for the imported goodsto be the transaction value. The value for duty also should conform to commercial realities. The agreement also refused to use of Arbitrary, fictitious for customs values. WTO agreement gives the right of the customs administrations to request further information of importers where they have reason to doubt the declared value of imported goods. Transaction Value Method (By Guoping Lu) The transaction value is determined by finding out the price paid or payable for the goods when the goods are sold for export to Canada to a purchaser who is in Canada, and adjusting the price paid or payable by following the section 48of the Customs Act. WTO generalized the transaction value as the primary method of evaluation as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Price actually paid or payableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on imported goods. In determining the Transaction Value, the price paid or payable may be adjusted and subjected to some additions or some deductions. As we usually do in Canada Customs Invoice, if the following ones are not indicated in field 17 which is the total invoice, price paid or payable, then they have to be added: Thedomestic transportation fees and insurance charges in Canada; Commission fees; Royalties fees; Assists; (The Canadian purchaser supplies a free or less cost on the value of the imported goods which are used for the production and sale.) The packing cost; Subsequent proceeds; If the following ones are indicated in field 17 which is the total invoice, price paid or payable in CCI, then they have to be deducted: The international transportation and insurance charges form other country to Canada; Construction, erection assembly costs; Imported duties and taxes. We can find more information about the transaction value method from D-Memorandum 13. COMPUTED RESIDUAL METHOD-XIAOBING YANG Computed value (Section 52 of the Customs Act VFDC 18/28) The computed value method is used for the imported goods cannot determine the value for duty under any of the previous methods of valuation. Therefore, in order to determine a value for duty under the computed value method, it is important to collect the information form the country of the goods. In the section 52 of Customs Act, there are key elements to be consisted to computed value: The cost of materials employed in producing goods Costs to the production of imported goods Profit and general expenses. For example, a Canadian company A purchases equipment from a foreign firm B. The company A cannot apply the methods of valuation from the section 48-51 of the Customs Act, the value of duty is determined under section 52. There is example illustrate for the calculation of the computed value method. According to the section 52 of the Act, all the cost, charge, expenses are added to the goods. materials $16 Producing cost $12 Packing $1 assists $1 total $30 Profit General expenses 25% x30=$7.5 Value for duty $37.5 Residual Value (Section 53 of the Customs Act VFDC19/29) By XIAO BING YANG There are some importations that cannot be appraised on the basis of any of the values referred to previous methods, the value for duty of those goods would apply the residual method described in section 53. In fact, the residual value method does not provide the specific rules to determine value for duty. According to section 53 that allows for the flexible interpretation of one of previous methods in sequence. Also, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“in applying section 53 of the Act, the value for duty is to be determined on the basis of information available in Canada (Customs Act)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In the real would, these are two import principles to determine the closer method under the section 53. WORK CITED CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Computed Value Method- Memorandum D13-8-1.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Govt.of Canada, Feb.04.2014.Web.17.Nov.2014. CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Residual Basis of Appraisal Method- Memorandum D.à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚  Govt.of Canada, Nov.19.2013. Web.17.Nov.2014. TRANSACTION VALUE METHOD- GUOPING LU The transaction value is determined by ascertaining the price paid or paid for the goods when the goods are sold for export to Canada to a purchaser in Canada, and adjusting the price paid or payable in according to thesubsection 48(5)of the Customs Act. WTO summarized the transaction value as the primary source of appraisal on imported goods as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Price actually paid or payableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which means total payment. In determining the Transaction Value, the price paid or payable may be subject to additions or deductions. To the extent that they are not already included in the price paid or payable, amounts equal to the following are to be added: (a)certain commissions and brokerage; (b)all packing costs and charges; (c)the value of certain goods and services provided free or at a reduced charge by the purchaser for use in the production of the imported goods (assists); (d)certain royalties and licence fees; (e)the value of any proceeds from the subsequent resale, disposal, or use of the goods which accrue to the vendor; and (f)the costs of transportation and associated costs relating to the movement of the goods to and at the place from which the goods were shipped directly to Canada. To the extent that they are already included in the price paid or payable, amounts equal to the following are to be deducted: (a)the costs of transportation and associated costs relating to the movement of the goods from the place from which the goods were shipped directly to Canada; (b)certain costs, charges, or expenses incurred or arising after importation in respect of the goods being appraised; and (c)Canadian duties and taxes. Work cited CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Transaction Valuation- Memorandum D13-4-1.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Govt.of Canada, 17 April 2001.Web. 17 Nov.2014.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The World And Me - 1586 Words

Many authors’ viewpoints have been observed so far, ranging from Plato’s Republic written centuries before the common era, to Ta Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me. Though these books span millennia and hemispheres, they all display what is important to their authors, and from this information we can try to extrapolate their political viewpoints, especially where it falls in the lunacy of the 2016 election. The authors Plato, Ta-Nehisi Coates, and Karl Marx had perhaps the most politically-charged books, and some have viewpoints very similar to the viewpoints of Bernie Sanders, having the most â€Å"far left† viewpoint, Hillary Clinton with a moderate left viewpoint, and Donald Trump, whose viewpoint ranges from extreme right to moderate, depending on the point in the election. Through its authoritarian and conservative government, it is clear that The Republic bears a shocking similarity to Donald Trump’s policies, while both the overthrow of the bourgeoisie in The Communist Manifesto and the correction for the plunder of the black body in Between the World and Me agree with the viewpoints of Bernie Sanders. First off, Plato’s book The Republic offered the most detailed insight into how the author believed the government should be run; in fact the majority of the book is essentially a manuscript on how to form, choose leaders for, and sustain a â€Å"perfect society†. Because The Republic is often called the â€Å"first defense of fascism†, it should be no surprise that this bookShow MoreRelatedThe World And Me910 Words   |  4 PagesAt the time that I am writing you this letter, horrendous things are happening to the black community, these things got me thinking about you and your future. Just like the novel Between The World and Me, Coates wrote a letter to his son and the world to enlighten them about the life in America and America true history. â€Å"I write to you in your fifteenth year. I am writing you because this was the year you saw Eric Gardner chocked to death for selling cigarettes, because you know that Renisha McBrideRead MoreThe World And Me Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesTa-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me is in essence about the rigors inflicted on people of color, and specifically black people, by America. His work goes on in depth about the challenges black people face in America, the communities and the world view they grow up in. Coates’ work is masterful at boiling down and explaining the problems that people of color face, from the outright racism of a brutal police force to subtler forms of similarly dangerous discrimination in the classroom, in politicsRead MoreThe World Around Me1422 Words   |  6 Pagesalso perhaps by apprehension. In a way, I feared that further investigation would upset my personal ambitions. I will try and define some of the issues and dilemmas that I think we are facing. I will start with the simple observation of the world around me. I feel like everything is a big race with no clear finishing line. In fact, the goalpost is simply the runner in front of you and there is no runner who is ahead of the race because there is no extrinsic finishing line to measure his progressRead MoreRacism And The World And Me1455 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Most† Known Unknown in the World Racism has been and always will be a form of segregation concurrently and in the history of humanity. From Ancient times to current, the status of segregation by any means of oppression privy of power, wealth, and prestige has been as second nature as drinking water. While Coates has his own perspective of reality and its structure, it’s interesting that a so called genius had taken almost 30 years to finally see the true nature of â€Å"the beast† he frequented.Read MoreThe World And Me States932 Words   |  4 Pagesthe course of institutionalizing their rule.† (2004 p. 192) Silverblatt termed the creation of new categories based on the skin color and parental ancestry racial thinking, a form of thought modernity still has not escaped. Coates’ Between the World and Me states, â€Å"Difference in hue and hair is old. But the belief in the preeminence of hue and hair, the notion that these factors can correctly organize a society and that they signify de eper attributes which are indelible-this is the new idea at theRead MoreThe World Of 1984 Scared Me1442 Words   |  6 PagesTotal surveillance. Complete obedience. Absolute authority. The world of 1984 scared me when I first read the book last year. Never before had a book made me think so deeply about individuality, society, and government. 1984, a manifestation of my nightmares, described a totalitarian police state of resolute submission. The horror came when I looked upon our own society, and Big Brother glared back at me. We live in a world where every phone call, every text, every search, and every email can beRead MoreAnalysis Of Between The World And Me 1430 Words   |  6 PagesBetween the World and Me â€Å"Between the World and Me†, by Ta-Nehisi Coates, is a letter written to his son about what it means to be black and how tough it is to be a part of this race in the United States of America. In this book, Coates talks about his life in the black community, starting from childhood memories all the way to present day. Coates also tries sends a message, which is that his son should not lower his guard and be completely confident about who he is, instead he should be afraidRead MoreComparison Between The World And Me1664 Words   |  7 PagesJesus Leon Santos Professor Collins Writing 37 05 February 2016 Between the World and Me Between the World and Me examines the history and present circumstances of racial inequality and segregation in America. Coates directs the book to Samori to give his audience personal insight into the various stages of a black man’s life. From his childhood, to his college experience, to his complicated role as a father, Coates gradually unfolds a critical account of the relationship between black and whiteRead MoreAnalysis Of Between The World And Me, 2088 Words   |  9 Pages In Ta-Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me, Coates seeks to educate his young son and in turn the reader of his experience as an African American man in the United States. In this, racism becomes a very prominent and complex theme. In some way racism impacted every facet of his life. The novel highlights the drastic difference in the ability for curiosity and personal development and questioning in his public education in a poor area versus his continued education at Howard University aRead MoreAnalysis Of Between The World And Me And Me By Ta Nehisi Coates 1297 Words   |  6 PagesRosa Parks once said, â€Å"Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully we shall overcome.† Between The World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Coates writes a letter to his son explaining what his life was like growing up in America as an African American man, and he also tries to give his son some moral advice on how to take charge of living as a man in a black body. Spike Lee directs a film on Malcolm X, who was a black activist and a leader

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Patricide Essay Example For Students

Patricide Essay In the time of the Romans, the punishment for patricide was to be sewn up in a sack that had a monkey, snake, rooster, and dog inside, and then to be thrown in a river. Each of the animals in the bag had some specific meaning to them, and being sewn up in a sack and tossed into the river also had a specific function to the murderer. Thus this punishment became the proper way to punish the guilty. In the Roman era, patricide had become a major problem, so it was decided that for whomever held a title in Rome, there would be a meeting to discuss how to get rid of the problem and punish appropriately. The title holders decided that the best way to punish the young men, and to stop them from thinking of committing the sin, was to make them die, as well as make them feel everything their father had, and to regret their crime. This decision then became the chosen consequence for the crime of patricide. The significance of the animals was to torture the perpetrator in a particular way for his crime. The importance of the snake was that the snake was evil, dating back to the Garden of Eden, where it posed as the Devil and deceived Eve. While the victim was alive, the snake would be there to remind him of the ultimate sin-the deception of ones own father. The rooster is primarily known for his crowing, and thus his crows would remind the sinner of his guilt, so that he couldnt escape from what he did. The dogs function in the sack would be to howl, not only to be deafening and frightening, but also to evoke the wrath of the gods upon him. The monkey represents torture, because it is capable of mimicking human actions. It would mimic the sons behavior and re-enact the murder of the sons All four of these animals perform at least one role in torturing the boy, and so that he would be forced to think about what he had done to his father. The purpose of the sack was to increase tenfold the agony which his father suffered, and also to make him regret his decision to kill his father. With each passing moment, the torment would get progressively worse, so that the boy would get a taste of the Hell that was to be his afterlife, as punishment for committing patricide. The sack represented a way in which to make the boy suffer much more, and quickly before he drowned. The son was thrown into the river so that he could feel the way his fathers panic when he killed him. The water would serve to scare the son in the way his father felt when he realized that his own son had turned on him. The sewn sack would prevent the sons escape so he would realize there would be no turning back from his actions. These different elements of punishment combined to make the murderer truly suffer each aspect of the crime through the torture. The closed sack with animal reminders of different aspects of the murder would serve as a deterrent to living observers. This ritual is a fitting punishment for the crime.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Internet and Online Games Addiction free essay sample

Introduction Playing games is a natural part of growing up. It’s one way that kids learn to socialize and compete. Computer and online games, in most instances, are no more dangerous than other games that kids play. But sometimes, computer and online games become more than just play. They become an addiction. And when they become an addiction, your child’s psychological and physical well-being may be in jeopardy. Escaping into games When your kids play games online, is it play? Or is it something darker? Addiction to computer and online games is a real and growing problem.It affects both kids and adults. Often the most addictive games are the online multi-player games. They include role-playing, endless levels of achievement, and an IM or chat function. Groups of players play and chat online, creating a fantasy world that provides an escape from real life. Kids can get caught up in this fantasy world to the exclusion of their real life responsibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet and Online Games Addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What gaming addiction looks like? Playing online or computer games is an innocent hobby that can become a pathological behavioral problem, in which playing games becomes more important than other aspects of life.Addicted kids spend hours on the computer to the exclusion of other activities. They lose interest in their school, fail to turn in homework assignments, and their grades suffer. They turn their backs on their friends, preferring to stay at home on the computer with their â€Å"online friends†. Much of their conversation may revolve around the games they’re playing. They may be inordinately proud of their gaming successes. If you challenge them about the time they spend at the computer, they try to hide their gaming activity. Physical warning signs include sleeplessness, dry eyes, and carpal tunnel injury.A recent study by Harris Interactive reports that nearly one in 10 kids between 8 and 18 are addicted to online gaming. †  There are many reported cases of addiction to online gaming: teens who become reclusive; students whose grades drop precipitously; kids who drop out of high school to play games; kids who play games 60 or more hours each week; and more. This isn’t, by the way, a problem that’s exclusive to kids. Adults get caught up in it, too; turning their backs on their families, losing jobs, threatening their financial well-being, and losing spouses. Other gaming dangers Online gaming addiction opens kids up to other dangers, too. Chatting online with other game players may expose them to online predators. Predators go where kids go online, and where better than a fantasy world that includes children? Also, gaming addiction can take a toll on your pocketbook. Many popular online games require that players buy the game, and then pay monthly subscription fees. Tools, accessories, and additional characters cost even more. It is possible to spend hundreds of dollars a month on monthly fees and add-ons.According to an article in Bay Area Parent,† Ã¢â‚¬   a 14 year old boy used his mothers credit card to buy online a set of gaming accessories, including â€Å"magical dragon armor and 100 pieces of virtual gold. † His mother noticed unusual activity (amounting to $600) on her statement and quickly figured out what had happened. One can buy additional characters and accessories from the gaming Web site and there are cyber shopping malls where one can pick up accessories like virtual Elvin bows, mystical armor or a sword of fire.One site listed a complete World of Warcraft character for sale at the extravagant beginning bid of $1,600. Finally, maintaining an open connection between your computer and a gaming Website/chat room, may lead to intrusion and possible theft of your identity and financial records on your home computer or network. It’s always a good idea to have good Internet security software installed on your computer. It’s even more important when your computer is used for online gaming. Parenting is the best prevention Good parenting goes a long way toward preventing addiction to online gaming. Make sure you know what games are installed on the computer your child uses. Check browser history logs to see where they’ve been on the Internet. Engage your children in regular conversations about their lives. Have dinner together every day. If they spend more than an hour a day in front of the computer, ask them what’s going on. If their grades suffer or their friends stop calling, ask why. If you detect a problem or a behavioral change, address it immediately; don’t let it slide. If you detect addiction, address it. Limit computer time.Put the computer in a public area of the home. If the problem persists, perhaps you should seek professional psychological help. A gaming addiction is very similar to other addictions, such as drugs, alcohol, or gambling. Helping a child beat the addiction may require expertise that a parent can’t provide. According to Dr. Douglas Gentile, Director of the Media Research Lab at Iowa State University and the director of research for the National Institute on Media and the Family, states, It is important that people realize that playing a lot is not the same thing as pathological play.For something to be an addiction, it has to mean more than you do it a lot. It has to mean that you do it in such a way that it damages your life. †Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬   In other words, many, if not most, kids who play online games are just playing games. It’s a healthy part of their life. If you see that game playing is becoming damaging to some aspect of their life, it’s time to act. Addicted to games: Internet game addiction One form of internet addiction is gaming addiction. Internet gaming addiction and getting lost in playing video games has been recognized a long time.Recently I saw a interview with a person claiming to have been hooked on pac -man probably 20-30 years ago. We probably had a little growth in this problem when people (kids) started hooking up lots of computers together and playing games on few computers at the same time (on a LAN). These tournaments were often at first related to games like Counterstrike. But the rise of the problem came with the internet and high speed internet connections. Now it is so easy to play with lots of people all over the world 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Therefore has the problem we can name Internet game addiction grown to a big problem. Media attention has been growing past 3 years at the same time interest in playing online games like World of Warcraft has grown, so has the problem. Some people will say this games can never been a obsession or addiction, but the truth is Kids and adolescence are stop showing up in school and in worst cases we have seen people have been committing suicides. Recently we have seen case of child neglect in relation to the parent’s internet game addiction. These cases of problems with gaming addiction will grow and we will see more stories on the news on this problem.Types of Online games that is addictive Massive multiplayer Online Role Playing Game Addiction (MMORPG-A) Those games that seems to most addictive are multiplayer games when the player playes a role of fictous character in virtual world and other characters are played by other real people somewere in the world. What makes these games addictive is probably that you are not just able to save and come to the game again after a week. When you stop playing this virtual world is still there and you are missing the action. The action is happening 24 hours a day 7 days a week.Most popular games MMORPG (massive multiplayer online games), these are games like World of Warcraft. World of Warcraft started in 2004 and there are 7,6 million playing the game in the biggest world of WOW Azeroth. If Azeroth was a real country it would be the 96 biggest in the world. We also have what can be named MMOFPS (massive multiplayer online first person shooters) like e. g counterstrike. Manage video Game addiction If someone at your home has a problem with internet games, you have a child that does not show up in school, getting bad grades and falling asleep in class and not doing anything else than playing the game. There are not just kids hooked on those games, there are also adults getting fired after not being able to show up for work or on the verge of getting fired. First you have to realize if the problem has become huge: 1. It is not going away by itself, something needs to be done. My experience is that too many often I meet parents 1-3 years after the problem became big 2. If the problem is really big the person almost never can try to control it him/her and most likely you need to stop playing the games and only use the computer for something else.Maybe you can rethink game playing (with strict rules) after 1-2 years Still it is important to try to change the addictive behavior and try to work with the person on this problem and not against. They need to feel they have something to say on how you are going to change it. Tools to manage Internet Game Addiction 1. Monitoring the time spent online. You can either both you and the person with the problem uses a spreadsheet to monitor it separately for a week to see how much time is used online and on the game. You can also use the monitoring tool in responsible Surfing to calculate the time accurately on the computer.Read more about: How to monitor games and applications! 2. Decide what can be done and what not to be done. a. Use the game addict profile in Responsible Surfing to both set amount of time that is allowed online, this can be done by setting hours per each day and when in the day, amount per week and month. This is good so you do not need to argue about the time. Read more about: How to control time spent online b. Block addictive role playing games in the database of Responsible Surfing, if you have decided no role playing game.Read more about: How to block online game with Responsible Surfing software c. Set what application is allowed and what application is not allowed. Read more about: How to block applications d. Have a weekly meeting about the result and try to find something new to do e. Consider therapy, most people who are addictive to games have some other problem, social phobia, low self-esteem, have been victim of bullying and etc. It is better to first manage the internet addiction and settle the anger. f. Try to use the time to heal the family and spend time together.