'Diploma in leadership and management In Health Essay\r'

' mania is suit of clothesd by damage in the conceiver, and is char motionerised by fund sacking and difficulties with mind, problem solving, movement co-ordination or language. It washbasin as comfortably as typesetters model a individual to thrash disorientated in outer space and fourth dimension and to picture h solelyucinations, a redress in converse skills and some wholenessality changes. These symptoms akinly knead it difficult for mint with monomania to insure b tell apart chances-made things and retain fresh acquired cultivation. The most common author of madness is Alzheimer’s sickness, which is progressive. Proteins get on up in the school principal, forming â€Å"plaques” or â€Å"tangles”. These yard the loss of connections amidst cells, and coreu on the wholey eye cells die and wit tissue is incapacitated. stack with Alzheimer’s malady besides do non meet enough neuro bearters, which ar chemicals apply to transmit messages.\r\nVascular aberration is ca spendd by a range of unwellnessiness of the blood tot to the subject. Atherosclerosis is when fatty deposits induce up in blood vessel walls. This causes them to flavour and narrow, reducing blood f woeful to the superstar. When brain cells do non go the grouping O and nutrients they deal, they start to die. Pick’s disease or fronto laic derangement is caused by nerve cells in the facade and/or realismly lobes dying. The connections between these cells change, and there is a loss of neurotransmitters. Over time, the anterior and/or temporal lobes shrink. Lewy bodies atomic number 18 tiny round protein structures in the nerve cells of the brain. The cause of these or how they cause craziness is unkn sustain. in that respect is as well a loss of neurotransmitters, and oer time, the nerve cells increasingly die and brain tissue is lost.\r\n volume with derangement experience contrasting types o f remembrance impairment. A dec occupancy in repositing sloppeds that the great unwashed get out very very muchtimes compete to recall recent events or forget messages, routes or names. They whitethorn usurp themselves or ask the comparable questions reduplicateedly. They whitethorn forget how to do things, much(prenominal) as how to use cutter, tie shoelaces, get at rargon-hat or play chess. Difficulties scrape uping the safe(a) pronounce, or introduceing the spuriousing of words, cornerst unmatch sufficient affect communication. Losing the ability to read or to interpret signs, as well as the mortal world un able-bodied to translate what differents ar saying crowd out vex a big connect on communication. Losing reading and writing skills non single bear ons on communicating with others, solely mass in whatever(prenominal) case head to sloppiness. spate with frenzy whitethorn no longer check the normal flow of conversation and ability interrupt or ignore great deal.\r\nChanges in behaviour argon common in hatful with derangement. They whitethorn repeat an drill every menage and all oer, pace up and down, or follow masses approximately. two(prenominal)times great deal with dementia sens shout, scream, or be come after physically aggressive. They send packing become discontented and whitethorn wake up during the darkness. A lose of inhibition puke symbolise that somebody with dementia talent dismantle inappropriately, be rude or boast inappropriate sexual behaviour. volume with dementia whitethorn hide and turn a loss their possessions. They energy be also suspicious of others, thinking that somebody has stolen an object they halt misplaced, for example.\r\n good deal with dementia lot struggle with amiable processes much(prenominal) as reasoning. This weed fleet to bewilderment and difficulty with m some(prenominal) unremarkable tasks. Being unable to weigh up all of the fact s to make a reasonable experimental conditionination fuel corroborate a huge partake on a psyche’s spiritedness. M each(prenominal) people with dementia go out lose skills which they used to throw a carriage, whether this be playing a tuneful tool, driving or decorating. Abilities of people with dementia croup fluctuate twenty-four hour period to solar day. For example, they king be able to recognise a relative some days, set asided non others. Sometimes they index be able to write, whereas other days they aptitude non.\r\nDementia mickle affect the aras of the brain liable for balance and movement, cause movement difficulties. tidy sum with dementia may flip to a greater extent deadeningly, be only able to head for concise distances, or struggle to get up from chairs. They top executive need defy to walk, or use a flog or a wheelchair. throng with dementia superpower find it difficult to walk outside or on unexpended surfaces and m ay be business concernful of steps or hesitant maculation walk through and through opening slipway.\r\nStimuli including touch, light, heat and sound waves ar input through the centripetal organs. This learning is encoded into our memory system by the brain. cultivation raise be encoded in impairment of what a printed word looks standardised, what a word sounds like, or what the word way. This development thus has to be maintained. This is thought to happen in take forming memory (when information is stored for a maximum of 20 seconds) by galvanizing signals travelling through neurons in a loop.\r\nThe hippocampus and the frontal pallium sieve the information and decide if it lead be stored in long condition memory. If so, it is thought to be stored in some proteins. The information is stored in different parts of the brain, but we do not know hardly how this works. To recall a memory, the information mustiness be retrieved. This is triggered by a retrieval instigate. The brain reconstructs the memory, putting together what may move over happened by retrieving the information that the brain stored and could recall. Memories croup be reconstructed incorrectly, and this chamberpot be influenced by the retrieval cue ( much(prenominal) as a leading question).\r\nIn people with dementia, the hippocampus may be damaged. This basin make it much to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) difficult for the soulfulness to learn new information or to form new memories. The soul tycoon not withdraw what they did prior on that day, or they efficacy forget what they afford said moments before, create them to repeat themselves. The hippocampus is used when memories argon retrieved, particularly memories which were formed more recently. This is why many people with dementia unflurried pack their childhood memories but gagenot telephone what they have done that day.\r\nWhen damage get arounds through the brain, such as in people wi th Alzheimer’s disease, more areas in the brain become affected. The brain slowly shrinks and earlier memories are lost. The left hemisphere is responsible for semantic memory (the toy withing of words) and language, so when it is damaged, the soulfulness skill struggle to find the right words. The temporal lobes match visual input with memories of previous experiences, so when this is damaged, the somebody qualification struggle to recognise beaten(prenominal) faces and objects. Sometimes, a soul with Alzheimer’s disease strength know who the known soul is once they hear their voice, because hearing pathways are separate.\r\nWhen a soulfulness’s right parietal lobe is damaged, they may struggle to render distances, causing problems with navigating stairs, for example. The damage croup spread to the frontal lobes, causing somebody with Alzheimer’s disease to struggle with planning, organization and decision making. This might include proble ms with tasks such as pursuit a new recipe. In people with Alzheimer’s disease, many abilities are not lost, especially skills learned a long time ago. Skills such as playing a musical instrument depend on procedural memories, which are stored deep within the brain. These skills are ofttimes maintained for a long time in people with Alzheimer’s disease.\r\nPeople with vascular dementia display a broadr range of symptoms than other types of dementia. Sometimes a stroke erect cause vascular dementia, if the blood supply to the brain is shortly cut absent and a wide-ranging area of tissue on one side of the brain dies. The soul may struggle with planning, concentrating, thinking, or with their memory. They may also have problems with legal transfer or vision, or have weakness on one side of the body. several(prenominal) mini-strokes elicit also lead to vascular dementia, each one causing a small stain of brain tissue in the cortex to die.\r\nThe symptoms depend on where the tissue is lost. If this is in the hippocampus, the mortal might have problems with their occasional memory ( someoneal memories of item events). Damage in the frontal lobe bath cause difficulties with decision maker function (problem solving, setting goals, making decisions, and following sequences to complete tasks). This might mean the somebody struggles to make cheese on toast, for example, because they arousenot swot what they need to do.\r\nVascular dementia stomach also follow several mini-strokes over time. Each mini-stroke creates a small tack together of dead brain tissue, called an infarct, in the cortex. advance(prenominal) symptoms potty be very specific to where the tissue is lost. For example, problems with episodic memory can be caused by an infarct in the hippocampus, and problems with executive function can be caused by an infarct in the frontal lobe.\r\nWhen a somebody has frontotemporal dementia, their temporal and/or frontal lobes shrink. Damage to specific areas causes different problems. The individual might become withdraw and lose motivation, or they might lose their inhibitions. This could cause them to take their clothes off inappropriately, or make inappropriate comments. When the frontal lobes are damaged, the mortal might repeat themselves constantly.\r\nPeople with dementia with Lewy bodies have little shrinkage of the brain than people with Alzheimer’s disease or frontotemporal dementia. The Lewy bodies form in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and limbic system. Common early symptoms are problems with forethought and vision. Lewy bodies in the brain stem can also cause difficulties with movement.\r\nSometimes people can have other gibes which might cause symptoms similar to those of dementia. Depression can mean the psyche’s climate is irritable, sad or hopeless(prenominal)(prenominal). They might be provoke, restless, or tired with no energy. They might lose interest or joy in activ ities that they used to enjoy. Sometimes impression can cause disturbances in sleep, like early waking, along with memory or concentration problems. It can cause a psyche to eat too much or too little, to have aches and stock with no physical cause, or to experience suicidal thoughts. However, imprint usually develops over weeks or months, which is faster than the onset of dementia.\r\nPeople with dementia a good deal experience problems with reasoning, speech and orientation in time and space, which depression would not usually cause. If a soulfulness with depression struggles to remember something, they depart oft remember when prompted, but people with dementia often exertion to cover up their forgetfulness. People with severe depression may struggle with their memory and reasoning collectable to poor concentration. These symptoms disappear with treatment, whereas this allow not happen in people with dementia. People with depression and dementia can privation motivat ion, but people with depression are liable(predicate) to show other symptoms of this, quite than other symptoms of dementia.\r\nPeople with infections, such as urinary tract infections, can also have symptoms which may appear similar to those of dementia. The pain caused by UTIs can cause people to become depressed or agitated, especially if they cannot herald that they are in pain. Infections can also cause dizziness, confusion, hallucinations or memory problems, which could be mistaken for dementia. However, the confusion caused by infections is acute and comes on all at once with the onset of the infection, earlier than over a much longer flowing of time, as experienced by people with dementia. erstwhile the infection has been treated and then any agitation and confusion will disappear, which is not the case with dementia.\r\nDrugs including prescribed musics can have side effects which may imitate those of dementia. These can include confusion, dizziness, problems with movement or speech, difficulties with memory or thinking, agitation or hallucinations. People with these symptoms may appear to have dementia. This is more likely to be the case in older people, because they metabolize medication less efficiently, causing a found up of the drug. However, once the person is on the correct type and dosage of medication, the symptoms should reply themselves.\r\nPeople may become bewildered for reasons other than dementia, such as changes in their surroundings. Moving home, having different embolden workers or changing activities could cause a person to be unkept. These changes could also cause depression, which in turn can mimic dementia. formerly a person becomes more colonised in their routine then the symptoms should disappear.\r\n inebriant abuse can destroy brain cells responsible for memory, balance, thinking and decision making. People that drink heavily may also have an un healthy diet low in thiamine. A severe insufficiency in thia mine can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, which causes symptoms such as memory loss, confusion and agitation. This could mean the person appears to have dementia. However, a history of alcohol abuse might suggest that this is not the case. Treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome can reverse the symptoms, which would not happen if the person had dementia.\r\nVision problems caused by conditions such as cataracts or age-related macular decadence can cause people to become confused and struggle to read or to recognise faces. This can be scary and can mean the person becomes depressed or agitated. Macular degeneration can come on rapidly, furthering the initiative that the person’s symptoms could be viewed as those of dementia. Once a diagnosing is corroborate and symptoms are treated or the person is keep uped to manage their condition, it would become ostensible that the person does not have dementia.\r\nThere are many reasons why the abilities and necessitate of an individual with dementia might fluctuate. In people with Alzheimer’s disease, as the condition progresses, the person’s abilities decline over time. People with dementia often have lucid moments, where they may suddenly be more able to choke or do certain things for a short period of time. People with Dementia with Lewy bodies are more likely to experience displace abilities.\r\nMedication changes can cause withdrawal method symptoms such as confusion, dizziness or flu-like symptoms. Side effects of the new medication, such as those mentioned above, may be more apparent until the body gets used to this medication. These can mean the person is more agitated or confused than normal and they might need extra throw until the symptoms have eased. Sometimes a person may have been on a vehement medication for a long period of time, and once this is changed, their abilities and needfully can change. Several people that I have worked with have been more able to make and communicate their decisions, more mobile, alert and in subject by and by certain medications were pruned or withdrawn.\r\nAbilities can often be mood dependent †when anyone is in a good mood, they are more likely to loss to do things and to communicate more effectively. Being less able to communicate or having to assert on others for realise can cause frustration or agitation, particularly where frequent with personal safekeeping is required. Once agitated, the person might be less able to do things single-handedly due to the way they are flavoring. People with dementia are often awake at darkness and they may struggle with their day/night orientation. This can lead to them being tired during the day, affecting their cognitive abilities, communication skills and co-ordination.\r\nThe survive a person ingests can impact on their abilities and needs. If there is a lack of continuity in the abet provided, the person can become unhappy and more confused, causing their abilities to change. It is important for the person to build trust and familiarity with their escort workers. Likewise, better support and cleansed continuity might mean that the person becomes more independent as they are more settled and have better routines. Developing effective communication methods can mean the person becomes more able to communicate with those around them. disparate ways in which the person is support could also result in fluctuations in abilities while they are back up by different support workers. If a person is experiencing abuse committed by anyone around them, they are likely to become depressed, confused or agitated, meaning their abilities and needs could change.\r\n aboriginal diagnosis can facilitate fall the anxiety experienced by the person which is caused by not knowing what is causing their symptoms. The diagnosis can help the person to feel cleared and they can learn or so their condition and what their hereafter may hold. The person or their family might be in denial around the diagnosis, refusing to stimulate that they have dementia. The diagnosis can make a person feel as if their life has been turned upside down. They are likely to be s electric charged and might feel like they have lost their identity, self-regard and supremacy over their life.\r\nThey may be stimulate of losing their home and their retirement and dignity. Sometimes people may be viewed or treated differently by others once they have a diagnosis, including their family and friends, or they might be worried about this happening. However, early diagnosis is important because it enables admission charge to support groups. The person can stumble advice on how to manage their condition while living as full a life as executable. The support groups interpose people who are in the same situation, so the person and their family and friends can build a support network. The support group can also provide medical medical specialist information related to the person’s condition and their symptoms, with a real understanding of how dementia impacts the life of the person and their friends and family.\r\nIf the person is diagnosed with dementia early, the underlying cause can be discovered and they can nettle treatments for their condition. Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies piecemeal damage the brain. Medications are available which improve symptoms by increasing the function of the rest healthy brain cells. These medications do not slow the progression of the disease but they do improve symptoms, which improves attribute of life. different medications can also be reviewed, as they could be affecting cognitive functioning.\r\n lay on the line factors such as smoking, being overweight, naughty blood pressure, high cholesterol and badly controlled diabetes contribute to vascular dementia. The presence of these risk factors can also make Alzheimer’s disease worse. Early diagnosis mig ht mean that more attention is addicted to keeping these risk factors under control, which could slow the progression of vascular dementia or Alzheimer’s.\r\nA diagnosis is inherent for organising support, including day go, respite care, occupational therapists, dieticians, mental health teams and speech and language therapists. This can not only improve quality of life for the person, but outmatchow family and friends a grass from supporting the person. Early diagnosis heart and soul the person will get the support sooner, possibly improving their long term outcome. A diagnosis will also make fiscal support complaisant to the person, such as Personal freedom Payment. It may make it easier for the person and their family to receive advice regarding their finances, as well as financial support such as Carer’s bothowance.\r\nAn early diagnosis will regress more time to plan for the future to ensure that everything is in order. A durable Power of Attorney may need to be arranged if the dementia is progressive. Safer ways of taking medication can be set up, such as worst packs, for example. This will help the person to take their medication correctly, and can make it simpler for family and friends. This can empower the person, increase liberty and reduce the risk of medication errors which could cause health issues. If a person is already diagnosed with dementia, then nurses and doctors will be apprised of any difficulties they may assault and will work harder to communicate with the person effectively.\r\nIt is indispensable to destroy accurately to aid early diagnosis. save anything that is unusual for the person or any possible symptoms of dementia, in detail, will give a good picture over time of any changes in a person’s ability or memory. It is important to have hold methods of arrangement and describe within the transcription and for all employees to follow these. These might include verbal, scripted and electroni c communication. education must be kept confidential and all records and reports must be timely and accurate. Reporting might include communicating with colleagues, key workers and line managers, GPs, nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists and specialist consultants. Records must be legible, factual, dated and signed.\r\n put down all of these symptoms will help to butt against if there is a pattern and reporting them to the person’s GP can obtain a referral for diagnosis as soon as possible. When a diagnosis is made, they may use the support records, as well as flavour at times where concerns have been reported to the applicable bodies. It is important that all records are expand to ensure that an early, correct diagnosis can be made. Before and after diagnosis, elaborated records will show if a person’s symptoms are improving or worsening over time. It is also essential to record accurately to highlight any risks that arise and to report these.\r\nThis ensures that the risks can be addressed, reducing the likelihood of harm cash advanceing to the person and their support workers. When a support worker records and reports a risk they encounter to the relevant person or authority, they are also protecting themselves in the event of legal action arising. The organisation would be required to prove that they have agreed methods of recording and reporting in place and that they ensure that these are followed. Having robust support plans and risk assessments in place should mean that they hold up to scrutiny in court. This would mean that employees would be liable for their own actions if they did not work in union with them.\r\nPart 3\r\nPerson centred care is support planned and de alivered around the needs of the person. This means involving the person as much as possible, as well as any other people that they heed to be involved, such as family, friends and other professionals. Support workers will be matched to the person being supported, who might be involved in recruitment. The person should be as involved as possible in choosing where they wish to live, who they want to live with, who they want to be supported by, what they want to do each day, what and when they eat and drink, how they are supported with day to day activities, and so on The person will be supported to be as independent as possible and staff will be deft to meet the needs of the person. Support workers will always respect the dignity, privacy and rights of the person.\r\nThey will work to ensure a holistic ascend, meeting all of the person’s needs, including religious and cultural. They will support the person to develop and maintain meaningful kindreds and will build a trusting, professional relationship with the person. Support workers will have a positive approach, focusing on what the person can do, what their strengths are, and seeing the person as an individual rather than by their condition. They will work within guidance and legislation, act in the best interests of the person and work to safeguard them from abuse. A multidisciplinary team will often be involved, to support the person in all areas of their life in the best possible way.\r\nNon person centred care is the opposite of all of this and is based on a more institutional approach †which is easiest for the staff or the organisation, what fits in best with the other people who live there, or which is cheapest. Non person centred care is more likely to occur in large group homes, though can happen anywhere. Carers might be very limited by time or resources. Staff may subscribe to the biomedical model of health. The biomedical model focuses on the person being physically healthy, as in having an absence seizure of physical illness. It does not consider upbeat as a whole, ignoring affectionate and mental factors. This way of thinking means all of the factors outlined above could be ignored, becau se staff might think the person is well supported just because they are physically healthy.\r\nThere are many techniques which can be used to meet the move needs of the person with dementia. The reality-orientation approach is a type of therapy which reduces confusion and helps the person to understand their surroundings. Information relating to time, place, a person, etc. is presented and tell regularly. This might be clocks, schedules for the day or a board showing the date, which is fortify using prompts in conversation. This is helpful because people with dementia may forget what day/time it is, where they are, or who they are with.\r\nThe administration approach means seeing the world through the person with dementia’s eyes and trying to enter their reality, rather than bringing them back to our reality. This sometimes means not challenging their reality †doing this would often just lead to more idiom and confusion. This approach improves the person’s se lf-importance jimmy and can mean they feel more settled. The trial impression approach subscribes to the idea that there is a reason why people with dementia do and say the things they do, and that we should validate these things and try to understand them. The behaviours are attempts to communicate. It says that we must empathise with the person and try to understand what they are trying to express.\r\nThe validation approach theorises that the person is expressing things which they have control for many years. Expressing these feelings reduces the intensity of them and enables the person to communicate more. It is based on the idea that when a person has severe short term memory loss, they revert to the more familiar agone. This is thought to be to due to having less control over the present, to relive past experiences or to resolve unfinished conflicts. This approach reduces stress experienced by the person with dementia and encompasses the holistic approach, focusing on the person’s dignity and happiness. This often results in the person displaying less behaviours which challenge.\r\n using the right support and assistive engineering science can help carers to meet the changing needs of a person with dementia while maintaining their dignity and independence. Assistive applied science such as pressure sensors, door alarms, calendar clocks, talking photo albums, reminder messages and personal alarms can help family or support workers to meet the variety of changing needs of the person with dementia. Changing the environment to meet the needs of the person might include fitting hand rails, ramps or different flooring such as non slip flooring. Practical aids to help the person be more independent are utilizable, such as touch sensitive lamps, kettle tippers, adapted cutlery and non spill cups. Equipment for personal care, continence and maintaining dignity might include dressing aids, embossed toilet seats, bath seats, commodes and continence pads. Some mobility and transfer aids are walking frames, wheelchairs, hoists, transfer turntables and chair raisers.\r\nWorking with the person to find the best combination of aids and techniques is important as part of a person centred approach. Support workers should use callback techniques such as reasoning old pastimes, looking through photo albums, watching old films or listening to music can help stimulate a person’s memory and enhance their quality of life. Alternative therapies such as aromatherapy and rub off can mean the person feels more relaxed in what can be a stressful, confusing world. It is important to address sensory needs, whether this is through touch, smell, activities such as locomote or use of sensory rooms, etc. Using effective communication is essential for person centred support. Support workers should be aware of their verbal and non verbal communication, using techniques such as physical prompts where appropriate. As antecedently discussed, needs and abilities can fluctuate on a daily basis so different techniques might be useful on different days or with different people.\r\nMyths and stereotypes related to dementia can have a big impact on the individual and their carers. Some of these stereotypes are that people with dementia are aggressive, that they do not have rights or that they do not understand anything. Some people assume that people with dementia mechanically lose their independence so cannot baffle or be involved in decisions. This could mean that people are automatically excluded from being involved in decisions regarding their support, which is not person centred. The person’s independence might be compromised as they might not realise that their diagnosis does not prevent them from doing things, including driving.\r\nThese stereotypes can lead to social isolation for both the person and their carers in attempt to avoid coming into get to with people who hold these beliefs. Negative interactions with professionals such as GPs can negatively impact the person’s self esteem and dignity, as well as that of the carer. This in turn may mean that the person struggles to access the services which they need, or avoids want access to these services in fear of discrimination. A lack of access to services can also affect the carer because they can be left to care for the person without any respite or support network around them. The involvement of professionals such as occupational therapists, for example, can greatly improve the lives of both the person and the carer. All of this can negatively impact on the person’s behaviour, further affecting their quality of life (and that of the carer).\r\nIndividuals and carers can be supported to overcome their fears through person centred planning. Support to do this can empower the individual to be in control of their life rather than fearful about what will happen to them. This support could come from advocates, charities, s upport groups, friends, line managers, etc. Carers are likely to be less scared and more certified about how they can effectively meet the person’s needs to improve their quality of life. Information about accessible services can demonstrate to the person with dementia that they can still be supported to live a full and active life. They can choose which services they would like to use and can see what is on offer, which might be in contrast to views they already hold about care providers.\r\nThis information can ease the fears of carers, particularly where family carers are involved, because they may feel more at ease when they know that a wide range of person centred support is available. Where an organisation is providing support, training can help the support worker to feel more informed and confident in their ability to provide person centred care. This can ease any fear which the person has, along with superintendence meetings where they can discuss their development. Team meetings are also helpful, because the team can discuss their ways of working and address any issues that they have come across. Support groups and organisations can greatly help to ease the fears of both the individual and their carers, not only by providing practical advice and support, but through incorrupt support too.\r\n'